Weld Penetration Depth Calculator
An educational tool to estimate the depth of weld penetration based on primary welding variables. Understand how current, travel speed, and process affect weld fusion.
Welding Parameters
Enter your welding parameters to get a qualitative estimate of penetration depth.
What is Weld Penetration?
Weld penetration, or depth of fusion, is the distance that fusion extends into the base metal from the surface. It's a critical measure of a weld's quality and strength. Insufficient penetration can result in a weak joint that fails under stress, while excessive penetration can cause "melt-through," burning a hole in the material. Achieving the correct penetration is a key skill for any welder.
Key Factors Influencing Penetration
- Current (Amperage): This is the most significant factor. Higher current increases the power of the arc, leading to deeper penetration.
- Travel Speed: A slower travel speed allows more heat to build up in one spot, increasing penetration. A faster speed results in shallower penetration.
- Welding Process: Different processes have different penetration characteristics. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is known for very deep penetration, while TIG (GTAW) is more shallow and controllable.